Introduction13 Given recent droughts, Medicago scutellata Var. Rabinson has taken an important position in crop rotation, especially in semi-arid regions. Therefore, agronomy management factors play an important role in improving its growth. Also, regarding its short growth period length, its quantitative and qualitative forage yield has been high, and it can be sown through dry-farming in regions with 300-500 mm of rainfall. On the other hand, given the importance of forage cultivation in agriculture and water shortage in Iran, we can try to cultivate fallow lands. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different agronomic management methods on the quantitative and qualitative snail medic forage yield and to compare the relative contribution of components to increasing it under the climate of Arak. Materials and Methods In this study, two SOWING dates (July 15 and 22, 2017) as main plot, two SOWING depths (1-2 and 2-4 cm), and four seeding RATEs (2. 5, 7. 5, 12. 5, and 17. 5 kg ha-1 equal to 20, 50, 80, and 125 plants m-2) as subplots were investigated. The experiment conducted in split plot factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications. It is noteworthy that due to seed hardness, the average number of germinated seeds was low. The measured traits in this study included forage dry weight, stem dry weight, pod dry weight, leaf dry weight, number of pods per m2, leaf area index (LAI), dry mater digestibility (DMD), crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), crude ash (CA), acidic detergent insoluble fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent soluble fiber (NDF) in the final stages of forage harvesting. Finally, using the statistical software SAS, we performed analysis of variance, comparison of means using Duncan’, s multiple range test at 5% probability level and correlation analysis. Results and Discussion The results showed that the highest dry forage weight and dry stem weight (2884. 13 and 1361. 71 kg. ha-1, respectively) were observed in the treatment of seeding RATE of 12. 5 kg ha-1, at SOWING depth 1cm and on the SOWING date of July 21. Accordingly, the amount of dry forage obtained from the SOWING date of July 21 and the SOWING depth of 1 cm was 10. 77 and 19. 84% more than that of the SOWING date of July 5 and the SOWING depth of 2 cm, respectively. The portion of dry stem weight in the SOWING date of July 21 and SOWING depth of 1 cm was 53. 96 and 55. 24% of the dry forage weight, respectively. Furthermore, the portion of the pod and dry leaf weights from the dry forage for SOWING date of July 21 were respectively reported as 34. 13 and 11. 91%, and for SOWING depth of 1cm were, respectively, 33. 56 and 11. 18%. As the amount of seeding RATE increased, the CF increased, and the percentage of CP decreased. By taking into account the absolute value of the slope value of the equations of these two traits, it was found that the effect of density on the CF is more than the effect of this treatment of CPP. According to the obtained results, the SOWING date of July 21, the SOWING depth of 1 cm, and the consumed seed of 12. 5 kg ha-1 showed an appropriate quantitative and qualitative yield. Also, according to the results of the correlation test, it was determined that the dry forage produced had a positive correlation with the stem dry weight (0. 99**), the pod dry weight (0. 99**), the leaf dry weight (0. 98), the number of pods per m2 (0. 43*), the CA (0. 71**), DMD (0. 78) and NDF. On the other hand, a negative correlation was found with LAI (-0. 66**) and ADF (-0. 53**). Conclusion Regarding the absolute value of the slope in the equations pertaining to these two properties, it was found that the susceptibility of fiber percentage to density was higher than the susceptibility of crude protein percentage in this treatment. In deeper SOWING, the obtained protein percentage was 1% lower, while the lowest fiber percentage occurred in shallow SOWING. Generally, we can say that this crop has a high sensitivity to high densities. Based on the results, there were the relation between regression and correlation results.

To study the effect of seed SOWING RATE, different levels of nitrogen and different SOWING dates on canola cultivar Hyola401, a field experiment was conducted during 2005-2006 at Safiabad Agricultural Research Center. The design was a split split plot in a completely randomized block basis of 3 replications. Main plots consisted of 3 levels of SOWING dates (6, 26 Nov and 16 Dec), sub plots of 3 levels of nitrogen (180,220 and 260 kg/ha) and sub sub plots of 3 SOWING RATEs (4,6 and 8 kg/ha). Results indicated that a significant difference was observed among different SOWING dates and seed SOWING RATEs. The highest yield (4501.65 kg/ha) was obtained from 8 kg/ha of seed sowed. Application of planting date of 6 Nov, produced the highest grain yield (4777.65) while the lowest grain yield (3910.86 kg/ha) was achieved from 16 Dec. treatment, indicating that the grain yield was lower by 18.15% in the third SOWING date in comparison with the first one. The interaction effect between SOWING dates and nitrogen applications was significant on grain yield. Application of 260 kgN/ha at the first SOWING date yielded 5138.7 kg/ha of grain. The highest oil content (93.45%) was obtained from the treatment Nov 6th SOWING date. Delay in SOWING date caused a, decrease in oil percentage. Delay in the SOWING date also caused decrease in the number of pods per plant. The highest (325.2) and the lowest (98.13) number of pods per plant were obtained for the first and the third SOWING date treatments respectively. The results reveal that from among the factors studied in this experiment, SOWING date is the most important one affecting the grain yield. A SOWING date of 6 Nov with an application of 260kg/ha of nitrogen, yielding the highest grain is finally recommended.

To assess the interaction effects of weeds, SOWING RATE, and N splitting on dryland wheat yield, field experiments were conducted in two years (2007 and 2009) at the College of Agriculture in Shiraz University. The treatments were replicated four times and analyzed as a split- split plot in a randomized complete block. The weedy and weed free were treated as the main plots, the wheat SOWING RATEs treated as the sub plots (100, 120, 140 and 160 kg seed ha-1) and 5 levels (0-1, 1.3-2.3, 1.2-1.2, 2.3-1.3, and 1-0) of N splitting (100 kg ha-1) as the sub- sub plots. Results showed that by interaction between weeds, SOWING RATEs and N splitting, the maximum biological yield (699 kg ha-1 and 1449.5 kg ha-1 in the first and the second year, respectively) was obtained in weed free, 120 kg seed ha-1 SOWING RATE and N splitting of 1.3-2.3. In the first year by interaction between weeds, SOWING RATEs and N splitting, the highest grain yield (440.07 kg ha-1) was obtained in weed free, 120 kg seed ha-1 SOWING RATE and N splitting of 1.3-2.3 and the lowest grain yield (47.7 kg ha-1) was obtained in weedy plots with 100 kg seed ha-1 and N splitting of 0-1. In this study, the highest weed dry matter (367.5 kg ha-1 and 160.38 kg ha-1 in the first and the second year, respectively) was obtained in SOWING RATE of 100 kg seed ha-1 and the lowest weed dry matter (247.5 kg ha-1 and 52.3 kg ha-1 in the first and the second year, respectively) was obtained in SOWING RATE of 160 kg seed ha-1. In 2009, unusually low temperature in reproduction stage adversely affected wheat and led to no grain yield production.

Mechanized planting is the first step in mechanization of different stages of agricultural crops planting and processing. In order to evaluation different planter parameters for mechanized Canola planting, this project was conducted. Experimental treatments consisted of: Planting method with grass seeder, planting method with seed drill without cover, planting with ordinary seed drill, pneumatic planter with special press wheel, pneumatic planter with oblique press wheel. The workshop tests were conducted upon the metering system of the pneumatic planter as well as seed drill at four different forward speeds. The results indicated that metering systems of the two machines were dependent on forward speed. Field tests were conducted using randomized complete block design. The number of plants per unit area for five treatments and planting depth for seed drill treatments and pneumatic planter treatments, were significantly affected by planting methods. Field test observation indicated the equidistant distribution of seeds with the pneumatic planter treatments and optimized planting depth with the seed drill without covering mechanism.

In order to evaluate the effect of SOWING date and seed RATE on yield of oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus L.) trap crop a strip plot experimental design based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) in three replications was conducted in 2011. The vertical plot (SD) consisting 3 levels of SOWING date: 20 July (After wheat harvest) (SD1), 8 August (SD2) and 6 September (SD3). The horizontal plot comprising 4 different levels of seed RATE 5 (D1), 10 (D2), 15 (D3) and 20 (D4) kg.ha-1. The results drive from the experiment showed that the effect of SOWING date on leaf dry weight, shoot dry weight, total dry weight and Root/Shoot was significant at 0.05 probability level. Maximum leaf dry weight gained at 20 July and 8 August SOWING dates (respectively 287.751 and 280.656 gr.m-2). The highest shoot dry weight was obtained in 8 August SOWING date (579.058 gr.m-2). The greatest total dry weight was obtained in 20 July and 8 August SOWING dates (respectively 639.370 and 475.080 gr.m-2). The least Root/Shoot (0.29) gained at 8 August SOWING date. The effect of seed RATE (plant density) was only significant on inflorescences dry weight at 0.05 probability level. The most inflorescences dry weight was obtained from 10 and 15 kg.ha-1 seed RATE. The interactions of SOWING date and seed RATE (plant density) was significant on leaf dry weight at 0.05 probability level and also was significant on shoot dry weight at 0.01 probability level. The greatest leaf dry weight gained at sownig date 8 August (306.1-316.4 gr.m-2) at seed RATE 5, 10, 15 kg.ha-1 and SOWING date 6 September at seed RATE 20 kg.ha-1. The most shoot dry weight (621.3-655.6 gr.m-2) obtained in SOWING date 8 September at seed RATE 5, 10, 15 kg.ha-1.

To achieve a higher grain yield in wheat the matching of vegetative and reproductive stages of growth with the optimum environmental conditions, through a selection of appropriate planting date and RATE, is crucial. The appropriate planting date and seeding RATE for winter wheat cv. Shiraz under Shiraz environmental conditions has not yet been studied in detail. The present experiment was conducted during 2001/2002 and 2002/2003 growing seasons at the Experimental Farm of Shiraz University, College of Agriculture located at Badjgah, using RCBD with a split plot layout of four replicates in either year. Main plots consisted of three planting dates (November 6th, December 6th and January 6th) while four planting densities (150, 250,350 and 450 plants/m2) were chosen and layed out as subplots. The results indicated that planting date significantly affected grain yield, number of grains per spike, number of spikes per m2 and 1000 grain weight, so that the highest grain yield was achieved for the second planting date (i.e.Dec.6th) and a delay in SOWING date was accompanied by a significant decrease in grain yield. In the first SOWING date, due apparently to coincidence of flowering with a period of low temperature, florets were not fertilized appropriately and hence the number of grain per spike was decreased significantly. In addition, the number of spikes per m2, grains per spike and 1000 grain weight were significantly affected by planting densities, so that the highest number of spikes per m2 was obtained for the highest planting density (i.e. 450 plants/m2) however, the highest number of grain sper spike and mean grain weight were obtained for the lowest planting density (i.e. 150 plants/m2). With increasing plant density, the number of spikes per m2 increased for all planting dates. Altogether, the results revealed that December 6th and 350 plants per m2 were the most appropriate planting date and RATE for wheat (cv. Shiraz) under environmental conditions in Bajgah or under similar climatic conditions.

This study was carried out to determine the suitable SOWING time and seeding RATE and their effects on seed yield and some agronomic traits of kabuli chickpea lines (Sel93TH24460 and ILC482) using split-plot factorial arrangements in randomized complete block design with four replications in two cropping seasons (2008-10) in Saral experimental station of Kurdistan Province in Iran. Main plots included two levels of SOWING time (early October and early November) and sub-plots consisted of the factorial arrangements of seeding RATE (25, 35 and 45 plants m-2) and chickpea genotypes. In the first year entezary planting of Sel93TH24460 with 45 plant m-2 (100 kg seed ha-1) and in the second year autumn SOWING of same line with 25 plants m-2 (60 kg seed per ha-1) produced the highest seed yield. Combined analysis of variance revealed that autumn SOWING of Sel93TH24460 combined with 45 plant m-2 gained the highest seed yield over teo years with no significant difference with 35 plant m2 (80 kg seed ha-1). In general, Sel93TH24460 was significantly superior to ILC482, and autumn SOWING in cropping season with adequate snow and rainfall was better than entezary planting system. It is concluded that 45 plant m-2 with adequate moisture supply and appropriate rainfall distribution will produce higher seed yield. Based on the results of this research, autumn SOWING of Sel93TH24460 with 35 plant m-2 (seed RATE of 80 kg ha-1) could be recommended as the suitable package for autumn SOWING of chickpea in rainfed conditions of Kurdistan Province in Iran.